After graduating from Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine in 1992, he started working as an internal medicine specialist at Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine in the same year. After completing his military service at the Military War Academies in 1998-1999, Çetinkaya continued his duty as a nephrology specialist at Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine in 1999. Ramazan Çetinkaya, who became an associate professor in 1994, served as the Head of the Department of Nephrology, Deputy Director of the Organ Transplantation Training Application and Research Center, Local Drug Ethics Committee member, Education Coordinator, and Training Centers Responsible in the same institution.

Ramazan Çetinkaya was appointed as the Chief of Nephrology Clinic at Antalya Training and Research Hospital in 2009, where he also served as Deputy Chief Physician. He has published more than 100 articles in domestic and international journals and more than 100 papers presented in national and international congresses.